Effects of pH on fish

a. Effects of low pH:

• Reduces appetite
• Inhibits fish growth, ceases reproduction
• Reduces tolerance to toxic substances
• Excessive production of mucus on the gills which interferes with respiration.
• More attack of parasites and diseases
• Acid death

b. Effects of high pH

• Damage Cornea and lens of eyes
• Damage gill filament
• Disturb the blood acid-base balance
• Slow growth rate
• Increase ammonia toxicity
• Alkaline death

pH management in Fish Pond

• Low pH : Liming the pond @500-1000 kg/ha/yr depending upon pH.
• High pH: Use carbonic fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizer, etc.