Practices of biodiversity conservation

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Practices of biodiversity conservation:

1) In-situ conservation:

In-situ conservation means the conservation of ecosystems and their natural habitat and maintenance and recovery of viable population of species in their natural surroundings.
It also comprises of conservation of domesticated or cultivated species in the surrounding where they have developed their distinctive properties.
It ensures the future availability of the required genetic resources and preserves evolutionary processes, which allow the plants to adopt to environmental changes and has lower direct cost along with additional benefits.

2) Ex-situ conservation:

Conservation of biodiversity as evolution populations in nature is ideal method.
However, biodiversity should be conserved ex-situ that is outside their habitat as well.
It refers to the conservation of components of biodiversity outside their natural habitats
Includes the following:

a) Botanical gardens

b) Seed banks

c) Field gene banks

d) Tissue culture

e) Cryopreservation

f) DNA banking

g) Zoo

3) Information system:

There is inadequate technical information on flora and fauna of the country.
A database of the medical and aromatic plants has been prepared by central department of botany of Tribhuwan university in the collaboration with the Edinburgh Botanical Garden of the U.K. and the Ethno-botanical society of Nepal.
The international center for integrated mountain development (ICIMOD) prepares a database of the biodiversity of the protected areas of Nepal.

4) Education and research:

Nepal has incorporated environmental education in the curriculum of primary to tertiary level of education.
Topics on biodiversity have been included in the curriculum of environmental science and management studies particularly at the graduate and post-graduate levels.
The importance of biodiversity conservation has also been incorporated in non-formal education sectors.

5) Community participation:

Different modalities have been adopted for biodiversity conservation of Nepal.
The major one being peoples participation and stewardship in conservation.
The national parks and wildlife reserves are managed by the government while the conservation areas are managed with the active and effective participation of local people.

6) Policy and legislation:

a. Policies

b. Strategies