Advantages of agro forestry

• Control soil erosion and soil fertility

• Increase in farm income by incorporating tree under agricultural system

• Fuel woods, furniture and other household need are available from the same agri field

• Increase nutrition by incorporating all agri food system

• Restored the dry land through agro forestry

• Rewarding farmers through adding legume and tree their farm lands

• Protect water shade and meet the people food and energy demand sustainably

Limitation of agro forestry system

• Land access –Land ownership, even without formal certificates of title, provided a positive

incentive to adopt HVAF, while the possibility of tenure upgrading provided a positive

incentive for FMNR, through reducing the risk of land appropriation

• Communal grazing – Free-grazing of livestock discouraged high-value agroforestry because

of the likelihood of the goats, sheep and cattle destroying young seedlings. Communal grazing,

on the other hand, was consistent with the adoption of FMNR. Iiyama says this signals a need

for arrangements to protect young trees wherever widespread agroforestry with actively planted

tree species is being promoted.

• Asset/income – Overall, higher levels of farm assets (livestock, land, etc) and regular on- or

off-farm income improved the likelihood of farmers’ adopting high vale agro forestry (HVAF)

as an investment driven by economic utility.

• Land and labor availability – Decisions to adopt farmer’s mange natural regeneration

(FMNR), which involves managing and protecting tree stumps until maturity, were made based

on land and labor availability which may allow farm households to extensively manage trees

on farm to derive multiple ecosystem services.