Course Content
Introduction to plant breeding
0/5
Introduction
Scope of plant breeding (Future Prospects)
Undesirable effects
History of plant breeding
Scientific contributions of eminent scientists
Domestication, plant introduction, and acclimatization
0/6
Acclimatization
Plant Introduction
Procedure of Plant Introduction
Purpose of plant introduction
Merits of Plant Introduction
Germplasm Collection
Modes of reproduction and pollination control
0/6
Mode of reproduction
Categories of mode of reproduction
Pollination
Mechanisms promoting self-pollination
Genetic Consequences of Self-Pollination
Genetic Consequences of Cross-Pollination
Qualitative and quantitative characters (qualitative and quantitative characters in crops and their inheritance)
0/2
Introduction
Role of the environment in Quantitative Inheritance
Biometrical techniques in plant breeding (assessment of variability, aids to selection, choice of parents, crossing techniques, genotype-by- environment interactions)
0/3
Introduction
Components of Genetic variance
Things to remember
Selection in self-pollinated crops (progeny test, pureline theory, origin of variation, genetic advance, genetic gain)
0/5
Progeny test
Pureline selection
General procedure for evolving a variety by pureline selection
Advantage of pureline selection
Origin of variation in pure lines
Hybridization techniques and its consequences (objectives, types, program, procedures, consequences)
0/4
Introduction
Some terminologies
Types of hybridization
Pre-requisites for hybridization
Genetic composition of cross-pollinated populations (Hardy-Weinberg law, equilibrium, mating systems)
0/4
Hardy-Weinberg law
Proof of Hardy-Weinberg law
Example of Hardy-Weinberg law
Factors affecting equilibrium frequencies
Selection in cross-pollinated crops (response and gain from selection, variability)
0/5
Introduction
MASS SELECTION
Recurrent selection
Procedure for Reciprocal recurrent selection
Half-sib and full-sib selection with progeny testing
Heterosis and inbreeding depression
0/5
Heterosis
Manifestations of Heterosis
Inbreeding depression
Degrees of inbreeding depression
Use of heterosis
Mutation breeding (types, use of mutagens, application)
0/8
Introduction
Classification of mutations
Characteristic feature of mutations
Procedure for irradiation
Selection of the variety and dose of mutagen
Mutation breeding for polygenic traits
Applications of Mutation Breeding
Advantages of mutation breeding
Polyploidy in plant breeding (aneuploidy, euploidy, allo- and autoploidy, applications)
0/6
Introduction
Origin and production of doubled chromosome numbers
Morphological and cytological features of auto polyploids
Application of Autopolyploidy in Crop improvement
Allopolyploidy
Limitations of Allopolyploidy
Breeding methods in self-pollinated crops (Mass, Pure line, Pedigree, Bulk, Backcross, etc)
0/5
Mass Selection
Bulk Method
Pedigree Method
Single Seed Descent
Backcross
Clonal selection
0/5
Clonal Selection
Advantages and disadvantages of clonal selection
Problems in Breeding asexually propagated crops
Genetic variation within a clone
Clonal degeneration
Release of new varieties
0/5
Introduction to Variety
Norms for Release of New Variety
Development of New Variety
Institutions Related with Release of Variety
Variety Release Procedure
Quality seed
0/4
Introduction
Importance of quality seed
Major seed quality characters
Characteristics of good quality seed
Breeding for pest resistance
0/3
Pest includes
Defense mechanisms of host against pathogen/parasite
Breeding for resistance
Intellectual property right
0/4
Introduction
Objectives
Types of Intellectual Property
Policy objectives favoring IPRs in new plant varieties
Learn Introductory Plant Breeding with Rahul
About Lesson

Variety Release Procedure:

In India, the release of new crop varieties consists of four major steps, viz.:

(1) Development of new strains,

(2) Evaluation of performance,

(3) Identification of superior strains, and

(4) Release and notification.

 

These are briefly discussed below:

(1) Development of New Strains:

  • The new strains are developed by ICAR Crop Research Institutes and State Agricultural Universities for specific purposes. Various breeding methods are used for development of new strains in self- and cross-pollinated species.

(2) Evaluation of Performance:

  • The performance of newly developed strains is evaluated in AICCIP. ICAR Institutes, SAUs and private registered seed companies enter their improved strains/hybrids in the AICCIP of respective crop for multi-location testing. The new strains are tested at multi-locations under the coordinated project for a minimum period of three years/ seasons.
  • The new variety is first tested for yield under the initial varietal trials (IVT); the promising ones are promoted to the advanced varietal trials (AVT) in the second year. The strains that give good performance in AVT for two years are selected.

(3) Identification of Superior Strains:

  • The strains which show good yield performance in AVT are identified as superior strains and are considered for release in the workshop meetings. The newer agro and plant protection techniques required to obtain potential yield of new strains are also worked out by that time. The workshop after considering the new promising varieties, recommend them to replace existing varieties.

(4) Release and Notification:

  • The proposal for release of new varieties is put up in a prescribed proforma to variety release committee. There are two types of variety release committees, viz. State Variety Release Committee (SVRC) and Central Variety Release Committee (CVRC). In case of state variety release committee, Director of Agriculture for field crops and Director of horticulture for vegetable and horticulture crops is the chairman.
  • In central variety release committee, Deputy Director General (Crop Science) of ICAR is the Chairman. The release proposal of varieties recommended for All India release is put up before CVRC, while for those recommended for release in a particular state is placed before the SVRC of respective state.
  • These committees consist of scientists, and representatives of seed producing organizations (NSC, SSC and SSCA) and other related government agencies. After release, the variety is notified. Seed production can be taken up only after notification of new varieties.
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