Application of industrial biotechnology
a) Production of commercial products of higher economic value
- Pharmaceuticals: Antibiotics, Steroids, proteins, Vaccines etc.
- Organic acids: Lactic acid, citric acid, etc.
- Amino acids
- Enzymes: Alpha amylase, proteases, lipases, etc.
- Organic Solvents
- Bio fuel and bio gas
- Alcoholic beverages (Beer, Wine, Whiskey….)
- Green Plastics
b) Production of SCP from bacteria, yeast, fungi or algae for human or animal feed as supplement
c) Production of immune toxins
d) Mineral extraction
e) Antibiotic production:
|
Antibiotic |
Bacteria used |
|
Penicillin |
Streptomyces chrysogenum |
|
Streptomycin |
S. griseus |
|
Neomycin |
S. fradiae |
|
Erythromycin |
S. erythreus |
- Animal biotechnology
- In vitro fertilization, induced superovulation, transgenic animals, embryo transfer technology.
- Environmental biotechnology
- Sewage treatment, deodorization of human excreta, transgenic animals, Embryo transfer technology.
- Deals with processes to make the environment clean and safe for beneficial use.
Application of environmental biotechnology
a) Efficient sewage treatment and deodorization of human excreta.
b) Degradation of petroleum and management of oil spills. Eg: Pseudomonas putida.
c) Detoxification of wasteland industrial effluents.
d) Eliminating carcinogenic lignin. Eg: Coriolus versicolor and Phanerochaete chryosporium.
e) Detoxification of heavy metals and leaching of undesirable metals.
- Plant biotechnology
- Embryo culture, micropropagation, production of virus free stocks, cryo-preservation.
Difference between biotechnology and plant biotechnology
|
Biotechnology |
Agricultural biotechnology |
|
i) Use of plants, parts or microorganism for beneficial use. |
i) Use of biotech tools to improve yield of agricultural crops. |
|
ii) Broad term |
ii) Concentrate term |
|
iii) Convert inputs into commercial output of any field. |
iii) Improve traits, quality improvement, nutrition enhancement of crops. |
- Healthcare biotechnology:
- Deals with application of biological organism or processes to manufacturing antibodies, DNA probes, drugs, vaccines and other beneficial products that are useful to human and animal health.
- Majorly deals with immunology.