Rice diseases and IPDM:

A) Fungal diseases :

1. Blast: Foliar disease and the pathogen survives on collateral hosts

2. Brown spot of rice – Seed borne and a foliar disease

3. Sheath rot, sheath blight, foot rot and stem rot – Soil borne diseases

4. False smut – seed borne disease

B) Bacterial diseases: Bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf streak – Seed borne and survives on collateral hosts and weeds

C) Viral or Phytoplasmal diseases – Rice tungro virus, Rice yellow dwarf – Survives on weeds and dissemination is by insect vectors.

IPDM strategy in rice:

1. Selection of healthy seed

2. Selection of resistant cultivars

3. Removal and destruction of collateral hosts

4. Balanced fertilization

5. Rouging of diseased plants

6. Seed treatment with carbendazim or tricyclazole at 2g/Kg seed

7. Need based foliar application of carbendazim@0.1% or Tricyclazole@0.06% for the management of blast.

8. Need based foliar application of validamycin for the management of sheath blight and sheath rot.

9. Soil application of carbofuran granules or foliar spray of any systemic fungicide is followed to manage insect vectors, thereby decreasing the spread of viral diseases.

Sugarcane diseases and IPDM

1. Red rot – sett borne disease which spreads through irrigation water

2. Whip smut – sett borne and disseminate through wind borne sporidia

3. Pine apple disease, sett rot – Sett borne disease

4. Grassy shoot – Vector borne Phytoplasmal disease

5. Ratoon stunting – Sett borne (Clavibacter xyli)

6. Sugarcane mosaic – Survives on weeds and disseminated by insect vectors.

IPDM in sugarcane:

1. Collection and destruction of infected crop debris

2. Hot water treatment of setts (52 0 C for 30 min)

3. Hot air treatment of setts (54 0 C for 2-3 hrs)

4. Balanced irrigation and fertilization

5. Avoid selection of seed material from Ratoon crop

6. Need based spray of systemic insecticides to minimize the spread of viral and Phytoplasmal diseases

7. Selection of disease resistant or tolerant cultivars