Introduction

• The udder is located outside the abdominal cavity connected with inguinal canal; about four inches long, through which blood and lymph vessels and nerve fibbers leave the abdominal cavity to the udder.

• The left and right haves of the udder are indicated by the intramammary groove.
• The fore and rear quarters may be smoothly joined or may be demarcated by varying degree of grooving.
• The rear quarters is usually larger than the front quarter and contain ¼ to ½ more secretory tissue and thus the two front quarters normally produce about 40% of the total milk yield and the two hind quarters about 60%.
• The udder usually increase about 1/3 in size between milking, depending upon the quality of the udder and the amount of the milk secreted.

They are divided in three parts.

a) Thorax region: Human, elephant.

b) Abdomen: Bitch, sow

c) Inguinal: Cow, buff, sheep, and goat