Cardinal signs of inflammation:

1. Redness (Rubor): This is due to increased blood flow in inflamed area due to arteriolar dilatation.
2. Swelling (Tumor): This is due to escape of fluid from vascular area to extravascular area due to increased permeability of blood vessels.
3. Heat (Calor): Increased blood flow brings more warmth at periphery and inflamed area becomes hot.
4. Pain (Dolor): It mainly occurs due to pressure on sensory nerve endings and stretching of tissue by exudates. Also, chemical mediators released causes pain.
5. Loss of function (functio-laesa): This results from combination of pain, swelling and destruction of tissues