Eukaryotic cell

• 10-30 µm in diameter.
• Cell volume 1000-10,000 times larger than bacteria.
• Have membrane bound nucleus.
• Have cell organelles as following:

1. a) Nucleus b) Endoplasmic reticulum c) Golgi bodies    d) Mitochondria   e) Peroxisomes      f) Lysosome  g) Glycoocysomes   h) Chloroplast    i) vacuoles

Cytoplasm and cytosol

• Protoplasm à cytoplasm + nucleus
• Cytosol à content of cell excluding nucleus and other membrane bound nucleus.
• Cytoskeleton à network of intercellular fiber that gives cell its shape and structural rigidity.
• Cytoskeleton has 3 structures namely microtubule, microfibril and intermediate filament.

a) Microtubule:

• Largest filament, 25nm in diameter.
• Composed of protein tubulin.
• Involved in maintaining cell shape, movement of chromosome, cilia and flagella.

b) Microfilament:

• 6 nm in diameter.
• Composed of actin protein ( for muscles contraction).
• Involved in cell division, endocytosis, exocytosis and cell locomotion.

c) Intermediate filament:

• 10-15 nm in diameter.
• Composed of different type of protein in different cells.
• Gives mechanical strength and stability.