The conventional extension approaches

a) Partnership and funding :

• At the local level, funding for extension support is very limited that the staff find no resources for their full-time engagement.
• Subject Matter Specialists (SMSs) are responsible for advice to farmers in line with the relevant disciplines they come from are mostly from Central Government grants) are not, however, earmarked for agriculture purposes but are meant to be used for infrastructures (roads, drinking water, telephones, etc) and for the social sector (such as for education and health services).
• There is generally difficulty in finding partners having the resources to address in needs in agriculture.

b) Personnel management and incentive mechanisms.:

• There exist technical specialties (called the faculties) that make up the agriculture service of MOAC.
• Entry levels, promotion and transfers have to be managed within the specific technical area to which an individual belongs.
• Poor remuneration packages, frequent transfers and limited opportunities for higher level studies for career development are problems facing extension staff.
• The Civil Service Act is one that is applicable to all types of government employees, excepting the health personnel.

c) Thinly spread public resources:

• To satisfy political demands equally among parties, extension programs.
• Program planning, monitoring, evaluation, and experience sharing.
• Logistic support and extension materials.
• Knowledge and information management.
• Changing needs of farmers