Castration

• Should be performed in cold season.
• Calves : 8-10 weeks ( within 1 year)
• Kid/ lamb : 1-2 weeks ( about 2 weeks)
• Piglet : 1-2 weeks ( about 1 week)
• Can be done by two methods:

a) Open surgical method

b) Close method

Dehorning

• Is done in calves before it is 10 days old.
• Electrical method of dehorning : 1000⁰ F for 10 seconds
• Chemical method : caustic soda, caustic potash, clipper and saw, rubber bands, etc.

Grooming

• Grooming helps to stimulate cutaneous blood and lymph circulation.
• Time of shearing:

i) In temperate region, after end of winter season.

ii) In tropical region, after end of rainy season.

Docking

• Done at the age of 1-2 weeks .
• 2-5 cm from the base of the tail.

Note: Chemicals for disinfection :  Bleaching powder, Boric acid, Caustic soda, Lime, Phenol, Sodium hypochlorite, etc.