S.N

Vitamins (Fat-soluble)

Chemical name

Deficiency symptoms

1.

Vitamin A

Retinol- VA₁

Dehydroretenol- VA₂

Night blindness, xerophthalmia, infertility in pregnant animals, abortion or production dead, weak and blind calves, failure of spermatogenesis. In poultry, deficiency causes retarded growth, weakness, ruffled plumage, staggering gait

2.

Vitamin- D

D₂– ergocalciferol

D₃– cholecalciferol

Rickets, retarded growth. In young animals it causes Osteomalacia. In poultry, it causes bone and beak to become soft and rubbery, retarded growth, legs may become bowed, production of egg decreases and egg quality deteriorates.

3.

Vitamin- E

Tocopherol

Embryonic degeneration, sterility, liver necrosis, erythrocyte destruction, blood protein loss, encephalomalacia in chick, kidney degeneration, steatitis, nutritional muscular dystrophy, stiff lamb, white muscle disease in sheep, calf, myopathy of gizzard, cardiac muscle abnormalities in cattle, lambs, poultry

4.

Vitamin-K

Phylloquinone

Prolonged blood clotting time, hemorrhages on breast, legs, wings, abdominal cavity and on surface of intestines. Chick shows anemia. On normal conditions in ruminants, Vit.K is synthesized in rumen of cattle but deficiency occurs in case of feeding spoiled sweet clover forage. A bleeding syndrome develops throughout the animal body. This disease is called sweet clover poisoning or bleeding disease.

S.N

Vitamins (Water soluble)

Chemical name

Deficiency symptoms

1.

Vitamin B₁

Thiamine

In human, deficiency causes beriberi, difficulty in breathing, abnormal enlargement of right side of heart and decrease in rate of heart beat.

In poultry, it causes poor appetite, emaciation followed by polyneuritis characterized by nerve degeneration and paralysis.

In ruminants, microbial synthesis occurs in rumen due to which they are unlikely to show thiamine deficiency. However, cerebrocortical necrosis (polio-encephalomalacia) has been recorded in sheep and cattle.

2.

Vitamin B₂

Riboflavin

In human, deficiency causes cheilosis (severe dermatitis and tissues at corners of mouth), angular stomatitis, glossitis, and seborrheic dermatitis.

In pigs, poor appetite, consequent retardation in growth, vomiting, skin eruption, and eye abnormalities.

In poultry, it causes curled-toe paralysis. In breeding hens, it causes embryonic abnormalities including characteristic “clubbed down” condition in which down feathers continue to grow inside the follicle, resulting in a coiled feather.

3.

Niacin

Nicotinamide

Deficiency in poultry causes “black tongue” characterized by inflammation of mouth and under part of esophagus. In chick, there is enlargement of tibio-tarsal joint, bowing of legs, poor feathering and slight dermatitis.

In swine, it causes pig pellagra characterized by poor growth, poor hair and skin conditions, occasional vomiting and diarrhoea.

4.

Vitamin B₆

Pyridoxine

In chicks, deficiency causes acute convulsions, flatter on the pan, usually starts kicking and generally die.

In pig; anorexia, roughness of hair coat, fattly infiltration of liver, goose step type of gait, convulsions, etc.

In rats, characteristic skin lesion appears in peripheral parts of body such as paws, nose, ear, tails, etc.

5.

Pantothenic acid

Pantothenic acid

Severe dermatitis, affects steroid hormones of adrenal gland, degeneration of myelin sheath of nervous tissues.

In poultry, retarded growth, dermatitis, fatty liver, edema

subcutaneous hemorrhages in pig, goose step walk

6.

Biotin

Biotine

In human; consumption of large quantities of raw egg white results in a syndrome characterized by scaly dermatitis, greyish pallor, extreme lassitude, anorexia, muscle pain, insomnia and slight anemia.

In chicks; dermatitis similar to pantothenic acid, bottom of feet becomes rough, contain fissures, which shows hemorrhages. Toes may become necrotic and slough off.

7.

Folic acid

Folic acid

Folacin

Glossitis, gastrointestinal disturbances, diarrhoea and reduced erythropoiesis.

In pigs; macrocytic anemia, lipopenia, megaloblastic arrest develops.

In chicks; very poor growth, very poor feathering, depigmentation, anemic appearance and perosis develops.

8.

Choline

Choline

Deficiency of phospholipid in tissues which causes fatty liver. In poultry, fatty liver in addition with perosis.

9.

Vitamin B₁₂

Cyanocobalamin

In humans, pernicious anemia is prime symptoms. In animals; poor growth, emaciation and high mortality.

In poultry; poor growth, poor feathering and kidney damage, poor hatchability.

10.

Vitamin C

Ascorbic acid

Deficiency symptoms of farm animals is unknown.

In humans; deficiency causes scurvy; disease characterized by weakness, swollen tendor joints, delayed healing of wounds, spongy hemorrhagic friable gums, loose teeth and small hemorrhage which may appear anywhere throughout the body particularly near the bones and joints and under the skin and mucus membrane due to increased fragility of the capillaries.