Glossary

• Anthecium: Open cup or saucer-shaped ascocarp of some ascomycetes.
• Cleistothecium: Entirely closed ascocarp.
• Enation: Tissue malformation or overgrowth induced by certain virus infections.
• Fructification: Production of spores by fungi. Also called fruiting body.
• Fungistatic: Compound that prevents fungus growth without killing them.
• Haustorium: Projection of hyphae into host cells which acts as penetration and absorbing organ.
• Latent infection: Host if affected by pathogen but doesn’t show any symptom.
• Facultative parasite: Fusarium, Rhizoctonia, Sclerotium, Colletotrichum, etc. @FRSC.
• Facultative saprophyte: Phytopthora, Alternaria, Helminthosporium. @ PAH.
• Obligate parasite: Erysiphe, Puccinia, Ustilago, etc.
• Promycelium: Short hyphae produced by the telospore.
• Scab: A roughened crust like diseased area on the surface of the plant organ.
• Sorus: Compact mass of spores or fruiting structure found especially in rust and smuts.
• Sporidium: Basidiospores of smut fungi.
• Stem pitting: Symptom of viral disease characterized by depression of the stem of plants.
• Stylate: A long, slender , hollow, feeding structure of nematode and some insect.
• Virion: Complete virus particle.
• Virulence: Capable of causing adverse disease.
• Zoospore: Spore bearing flagella and capable of moving in water.
• Khaira disease in rice is caused by Zinc deficiency.
• Hyperplasia: Plant growth sue to increased cell division.
• Hypertrophy: Plant over growth due to abnormal cell enlargement.
• Smaller gall : warts
• Larger gall: Knot
• Hypoplasia or atrophy: Under development of plant tissue.
• Hypotrophy: Reduced cell enlargement.
• Atrophy: Decrease in cell size.
• Disorder: Non-infectious plant disease due to abiotic causes.
• Syndrome: Set of varying symptoms characterizing a disease.
• Symptom: External or internal reaction of a plant as a result of a disease.
• Biotroph: Organism that can live and multiply only on another living organism.
• Hemi biotroph: Attack living tissue as biotroph but will continue to grow and reproduce after the tissue is dead called facultative saprophyte.
• Perthotrops or Perthophytes (Necrotroph) : Killing host during penetration .Eg: Sclerotium rolfsii.
• Predeposition: Effect of environment on host, not on pathogen, just before actual penetration occurs.
• Endobiotics: Mycelium is not produced and the thallus is entirely present within host cells. Eg: Synchytrium endobioticum.
• Latent infection: Pathogen may survive for a long time in plant tissue without development of visual symptom.
• Seed infection: Seed is infected only when the pathogen has grown in or on it.
• Seed infestation: Pathogen absent on the seed coat  and pathogen are only transported .
• Meteropathology: Science dealing with relationship between weather and epiphytotics.
• Remote sensing: Obtain information by analysis of data through sensory devices without being in physical contact with that object.
• Antisporulant: Chemical which inhibit spore production without affecting vegetative growth of the fungus.