Climate and soil:-

• It is a cool season crop.
• Well drained fertile loam soil is best.

Method of sowing:-

• Direct sown in the field at 60 X 30 cm spacing in early autumn and seedling are thinned after 40 DAS.

Manure and fertilizers:-

• FYM 15 ton/hac. 40: 40: 40 Kg NPK/hac. are applied at the time of land preparation and another 40 Kg N top dressed after a month of sowing.

Irrigation:-

• Irrigate the field as per requirement of crop.

Harvesting:-

• The crop is matured by the end of April in Northern India and green matured umbels are picked in 10 – 25 days to avoid seed shattering.

Yield:-

• Average seed yield is 1 ton/hac.