Some key points to remember

• Enzymes are proteins.
• Autotrophic (organism that can make their own food eg: Plants) requires only inorganic nutrients.
• Central theme: Energy
• Hydrogen bond in liquid water have energy of only about 20 kg/mol.
• Stable structures of amphipathic compound are called “micelles”.
• Hydrophilic : Dissolves in water.
• Hydrophobic: Doesn’t dissolves in water.
• Force holding non-polar region of molecules together is hydrophobic interaction.
• Movement of particles from region of higher concentration to lower concentration is
• Titration is used to determine the amount of an acid in a given solution.
• Sorensen introduced the concept of pH.
• Karle Sheela is pioneer corer in field of biochemistry.
• 1828, Wonder synthesized organic compound  from inorganic compound.
• Dextrin: Intermediate product of the hydrolysis of starch and Glycogen.
• Chiral carbon: 4 carbon atoms attached. Different atom attached to carbon atom.
• Lipid acts as reserve food material of plasma component.
• Fat stored in plants and animals are
• Nucleotide: Containing sugar + nitrogen bases
• Nucleoside: Don’t contain sugar.
• Aromatic amino acid: Phenylalanine and Tryosine
• Oxytocin and vasoprein are nano peptides.
• Amino acid that remains in aqueous solution form in living beings is zwitter ions.
• Prosthetic group: Non-amino acid group of protein ( Co-enzyme).
• Substrate molecules binds on active site of enzyme whereas inhibitor molecules  bind on allosteric site  ( Other than active site).
• Enzyme :

a) Protein: Apoenzymeà enzyme tightly bound to apoenzyme is called prosthetic group.

b) Non-protein: Co-enzyme

• AUG : Initiation codon
• UAA: termination codon
• tRNA: smallest polymeric form of RNA.
• Synthesis of amino acid occurs mostly in roots and leaves.
• Site of AA synthesis : mitochondria
• Central dogma of molecular biology : Unidirectional flow of information.
• Activation of AA takes place in cytosol.
• Sucrose synthesis occurs in cytosol
• Non-sense codon: UAA, UGA and UAG.
• Sucrose degradation is activated by the enzyme invertase.
• Saturated fatty acid includes Aspartic acid , Butyric acid , Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Steric acid.
• Unsaturated fatty acids includes Linolenic acid, α-linolenic acid, Verbonic acid, palmitic acid.