Course Content
Functional Anatomy of digestive tract: Monogastric and Ruminants
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Prehension, Mastication, Deglutition Movement of stomach, small intestine and large intestine, Mastication and defecation.
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Saliva (composition, secretion, function) Pancreatic/bile/intestinal juice- regulation, composition and function
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Digestion in ruminant stomach, microbial activities in stomach and intestine
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Absorption of food stuffs, Place of absorption, Mechanism of Absorption, Absorption of Carbohydrates, Protein, Fat and Waters.
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Digestion in poultry
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Kidney: Structure of Nephron, Histological peculiarities, blood supply of kidney
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Methods of studying Renal function, mechanism of urine formation, micturition
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Physical characteristics and composition of urine in health and diseases
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Role of kidney in acid base balance and electrolyte balance
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Excretion of urine in birds
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Skin: function, sebaceous and sweat glands and their functions, thermoregulation, maintenance of body temperature
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Cutaneous receptor organs, Peripheral nerves, Spinal cord and reflex action
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Brain stem and cerebellum, Cerebral hemisphere, Conditioned reflex, Wakefulness and sleep
0/5
Autonomic nervous system, general arrangement and chemical transmission
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Saliva

Composition:

  1. Mucus
  2. Amylase
  3. Lipase
  4. electrolyte solution
  5. Enzymes and Proteins

Functions:

  • Acts as lubricants
  • Coating of hard and soft tissues
  • Help in Buffering
  • Re-mineralization and inhibition of de-mineralization.
  • Helps in digestion if Polysaccharides.

Secretion:

Saliva is secreted from salivary gland.

  • Contains secretory parts/ units called acinus and ducts
  • Acinar cells secrets fluid composed of water, mucus, electrolytes etc and these are flowed out and collected in collecting ducts.
  • In duct, sodium ion is re absorbed and potassium is secreted.
  • Bicarbonate is also secreted. It acts as buffer when combined with potassium.
  • Small collecting duct combine and form large collecting duct which open in oral cavity.
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